Close Menu
bkngpnarnaul
  • Home
  • Education
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Math
    • Physics
    • Science
    • Teacher
  • E-Learning
    • Educational Technology
  • Health Education
    • Special Education
  • Higher Education
  • IELTS
  • Language Learning
  • Study Abroad

Subscribe to Updates

Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.
Loading
What's Hot

University of Virginia President Resigns After Trump’s Demands

June 28, 2025

X-ray boosting fabric could make mammograms less painful

June 28, 2025

Wolfram Education Programs for Middle School, High School and Beyond—Wolfram Blog

June 28, 2025
Facebook X (Twitter) Instagram
Sunday, June 29
Facebook X (Twitter) Instagram Pinterest Vimeo
bkngpnarnaul
  • Home
  • Education
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Math
    • Physics
    • Science
    • Teacher
  • E-Learning
    • Educational Technology
  • Health Education
    • Special Education
  • Higher Education
  • IELTS
  • Language Learning
  • Study Abroad
bkngpnarnaul
Home»Biology»Types of pheromones – Online Biology Notes
Biology

Types of pheromones – Online Biology Notes

adminBy adminJune 4, 20252 Comments5 Mins Read0 Views
Share Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email WhatsApp Copy Link
Follow Us
Google News Flipboard Threads
Types of pheromones – Online Biology Notes
Share
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Email Copy Link


  •  Pheromones are chemical messengers secreted or discharged outside the body of the organism that activates a social response in members of the same species.
  • The term “Pheromone” (Phero-to carry and hormone-to stimulate) was coined by Peter Karlson and Martin Lüscher in 1959.
  • They are ectohormones in nature.
  • Both plants and animals can release pheromones
  • First sex pheromone was identified in 1959 from silk moth (Bombyx mori) termed as bombykol.
  • Plants use pheromones to attract bees and other pollinators to their flowers.
  • Some plant pheromones have alike chemistry to animal pheromones.
  • Aphrodisiacs are fungi that has an odour nearly alike to androstenol; a sex attractant for pigs and very similar to chemicals that act as sex attractants in humans.
  •  Both intraspecific and interspecific signals influence many forms of insect behaviour.
  •  Chemicals engaged in signalling between organisms and affecting behaviour alteration are called semiochemicals.

These are of 2 major types of pheromones:

1)Pheromones – conciliate intraspecific interactions.

2)Allelochemicals – conciliate interspecific interactions.

Evolution of pheromone

  •  Chemical senses being primitive, are shared by all organisms including bacteria, so animals are pre-adapted to determine chemical signals in the environment.
  •  Pheromones originate from compounds that originally having other uses or importance.
  •   Chemical molecules became signal molecules by increasing sensitivity and specificity.
  •   Signals are acquired from movements, body parts or molecules already in use and are eventually changed in the course of evolution to intensify their signal
    function.
  •   Evolution in the senses and response of the receiver which facilitated pheromones to become the mostly acceptable way of communication among animals.

Types of pheromones

  1. Aggregation pheromones:

  •  A group of individuals existing at one location is termed as aggregation.
  • Released by male and utilized by species with long-lived adults.
  •   These pheromones function in many ways including mate selection, protection against predators, and conquering host resistance by mass attack.
  •  Ex: boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis B.) is a oligophagous insect which feeds primarily on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Male boll weevils locate their host plant, feeding ensues and releases aggregation pheromones, grandlure.
  •  Male or grandlure baited traps have been used for mass trapping the boll weevil for many years. It is the most ecologically selective pest suppression methods as they are nontoxic and effective at very low concentrations.

           2) Alarm pheromones:

  • Some species are capable of releasing a volatile substance in response to attack of the predator which alerts/triggers other members of same species of the danger.
  • Ex: Aphides belonging to Homoptera species secrete (E)- β – farnesene as alarm pheromone. These chemicals are released in air as envoy to help other to escape from danger.
  • Certain plants emit alarm pheromones when grazed upon, resulting in tannin production in neighbouring plants. These tannins make the plants less beguiling for the herbivore.

           3) Releaser pheromones:

  •  Releaser pheromone has an immediate impact on the behaviour of the recipient and alters it.
  •  This type of pheromone shows a swift response, but is degraded in no time.
  •   Ex: Some organisms use strong attractant molecules to lure mates from a distance of two miles or more.

4) Signal pheromones:

  •  Signal pheromones results short-term changes, such as the neurotransmitter release that activates a response.
  • For example, GnRH molecule act as a neurotransmitters in rats to gain lordosis behaviour (inward curve of the spine).

            5) Primer pheromones:

  • Triggers a chain of physiological development events that may take days to weeks before an unconcealed response is noticed.
  • For example- primer pheromones include stimulation of sperm production in fish, termites cast determination, development rates of locust, menstrual cycles in human and other mammals.

6) Epideictic pheromones (Ovipositor pheromones):

  •   Also termed as spacing pheromones.
  •  They are known to repel, rather than attract.
  •  Capable of regulating population density.
  •   For examples- in insects, female who lay their eggs in fruits deposit these unknown substance in the territory of the clutch to signal to other females of the same species they should clutch elsewhere.

7) Territorial pheromones:

  •  These pheromones explains claimed region of specific organism.
  • alert other organisms of nearby dominant animals.
  • These are helpful to filter other animals, such as an ant from another colony.
  •  Ex: Dogs deposit territorial pheromones present in their urine on landmarks to mark the boundaries their area.

8) Trail pheromones:

  •   Recruited by social insects for direction and to employ nest mates to a suitable food source.
  •  These are mostly vaporous compounds.
  • Ex: When species of wasps such as Polybia sericea found new nests, they use pheromones to lead the rest of the colony to the new nesting site.

9) Sex pheromones:

  •   Particularly related with signalling mating behaviours or dominance.
  • These are excreted by an organism to lure an individual of the opposite sex and inspire them to mate with them.
  •  Generally released by females.
  • These are simple and volatile, long chain unsaturated alcohol, acids, benzene derivatives, or bicyclic aliphatic compounds.
  •   Ex: The female Bombyx mori (silk moth) secretes bombykol, the first sex attractant isolated from natural source. It is released in air to attract the male from distance. The male organ of B.mori is intensely sensitive of bombykol.

Application of Pheromones in Pest management

  • Inspecting a population of insects to determine if they are present or absent in an area.
  • To detect if enough insects are present to permit a costly treatment.
  • To mass trap insects to eliminate large numbers of insects from the feeding and breeding population.
  • Example: Relatives of bark beetles called ambrosia beetles have been mass trapped from log sorting and timber processing areas throughout British Columbia. Disruption of mating in populations of insects. Useful in protecting crops and residents. Synthetic pheromone is dispersed into crops and the false odour plumes attract males away from females that are waiting to mate.
  • Push-pull, attract and kill are direct plans for pest killing.
  • Mating disturbance by creating hindrances can control pests as well.
  • The theory of behavioural manipulation can be applicable to lure the natural enemies of pests  and  increase  biological  control  services in  managed agroecosystems.

 

 

References:

 

 

 



Source link

Biology Notes Online pheromones Types
Share. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email WhatsApp Copy Link
yhhifa9
admin
  • Website

Related Posts

Biology

The Double Edged Sword of Therapy Induced Senescence in Cancer Treatment – Fight Aging!

June 28, 2025
Biology

Difference Between Polyp and Medusae (with Comparison Chart)

June 27, 2025
Biology

Choosing a Luciferase Reporter Assay: An Easy Guide

June 26, 2025
Chemistry

A brief guide to the types and uses of solvents

June 25, 2025
Biology

Bronchitis: Types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnostic evaluation

June 25, 2025
Biology

Lab meeting with the Silveira Lab

June 24, 2025
View 2 Comments

2 Comments

  1. 🔗 + 1.2713 BTC.GET - https://yandex.com/poll/enter/BXidu5Ewa8hnAFoFznqSi9?hs=bb4a1c3ba7ca016ebf268fbd585904e2& 🔗
    🔗 + 1.2713 BTC.GET - https://yandex.com/poll/enter/BXidu5Ewa8hnAFoFznqSi9?hs=bb4a1c3ba7ca016ebf268fbd585904e2& 🔗 on June 4, 2025 10:54 pm

    onpivf

    Reply
  2. 📱 Message: Operation 1.879788 BTC. Go to withdrawal >> https://yandex.com/poll/7HqNsFACc4dya6qN3zJ4f5?hs=bb4a1c3ba7ca016ebf268fbd585904e2& 📱
    📱 Message: Operation 1.879788 BTC. Go to withdrawal >> https://yandex.com/poll/7HqNsFACc4dya6qN3zJ4f5?hs=bb4a1c3ba7ca016ebf268fbd585904e2& 📱 on June 11, 2025 6:52 am

    rt4el4

    Reply
Leave A Reply Cancel Reply

Top Posts

10 Student Engagement Strategies That Empower Learners –

May 28, 20253 Views

Do You Hear What I Hear? Audio Illusions and Misinformation

May 28, 20253 Views

Improve your speech with immersive lessons!

May 28, 20252 Views

Arabic poetry, with a special focus on Palestine – Global Studies Blog

May 28, 20252 Views
Don't Miss

Open Access Week 2023–South Asia Resources

By adminJune 28, 20250

Open Access Week 2023 To suggest new content for SAOA, use the suggestion form. Source…

Best Abroad Study Consultants Near Me

June 27, 2025

Hayley’s Spring Semester in Maynooth

June 26, 2025

Study MD MS in UK Without PLAB

June 23, 2025
Stay In Touch
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Pinterest
  • Instagram
  • YouTube
  • Vimeo

Subscribe to Updates

Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.
Loading
About Us
About Us

Welcome to Bkngpnarnaul. At Bkngpnarnaul, we are committed to shaping the future of technical education in Haryana. As a premier government institution, our mission is to empower students with the knowledge, skills, and practical experience needed to thrive in today’s competitive and ever-evolving technological landscape.

Our Picks

University of Virginia President Resigns After Trump’s Demands

June 28, 2025

X-ray boosting fabric could make mammograms less painful

June 28, 2025

Subscribe to Updates

Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.
Loading
Copyright© 2025 Bkngpnarnaul All Rights Reserved.
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions

Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.