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Home»Chemistry»The chemistry of the Papal Conclave’s smoke signals
Chemistry

The chemistry of the Papal Conclave’s smoke signals

adminBy adminMay 29, 20251 Comment1 Min Read1 Views
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The chemistry of the Papal Conclave’s smoke signals
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Infographic on the smoke recipes used at the Papal Conclave. Historically, the conclave generated black smoke by burning tar or pitch with the ballots. Today, they use a mixture of potassium perchlorate, anthracene and sulfur. In the past, the conclave added wet straw to the burning ballots to generate white smoke. Today, they use a mixture of potassium chlorate, lactose and rosin (pine tree resin).

This week, Cardinals of the Catholic Church are gathered in the Vatican to select a new Pope. Traditionally, smoke signals are used to indicate the results of their ballots. Black smoke indicates no decision has been made, while white smoke shows that a new Pope has been chosen.

This graphic takes a look at how the different smoke colours are generated. The Vatican does actually have an official recipe for both smoke colours, after ambiguous colours caused confusion in previous decades.

For more details on the smoke components and the historical background, check out this excellent summary from Professor Mark Lorch in The Conversation.

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